Topic outline
- General
- ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????, ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????. ? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? (UNCRPD), ??? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1137
? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? 2010-2020 ??? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ?? 2010, ????????? ???? UNCRPD. ??? ?????????? ??? 2017 ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????????, ??? ?? 2016, ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????????. ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? UNCRPD ??? ??? ??, ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??. ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???, ??????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ???.
?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? 2010-2020 ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????????:
1. ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? 2010-2020 ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????????:
2. ?????????: ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??- ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????- ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????.
3. ???????: ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????.
4. ??????????: ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????. ??????????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????.
5. ?????????? ??? ?????????: ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????. ? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????. ????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????, ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????.
6. ????????? ?????????: ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????.
7. ?????: ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????.
8. ????????? ?????: ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????????.
? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? (ANED), ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????, ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ANED ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????? DOTCOM, ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? UNCRPD. ? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????? (2010-2015) ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????????. ?? ???????? DOTCOM ???????????? ??? ???? ??? 2012 ??? ???????????????? ???? ?????.
- ?????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????
?????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????
?? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ????, ???? ?? ??????? (????: https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/news/workplace-prejudice-keeps-blind-people-out-of-employment/)
??????? ?? ??? ???????? Hidden Majority (???. ????? ??????????) (http://www.euroblind.org/publications-and-resources/guidelines#_Hidden) ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ????.
?? ???????? Hidden Majority ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????, ?? ????????, ?? ????????, ??? ???? ?????, ??? ???????, ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????. ?? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????, ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? (????: https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/interview/blind-rights-activist-in-the-uk-66-of-visually-impaired-are-unemployed/)
To Hidden Majority ????? ??? ???? ???????????????? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ????????????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? http://www.euroblind.org/
? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ? ?????? "Hidden Majority" ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????, ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????.
? ????????? ????? (??) ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????. ?? ???????? ??? Hidden Majority ????????????? ??? ? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????.
??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????????, ????? ??? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? 50%, ??? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? 33%, ??? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ???? ??????, ?? 86% ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????.
?? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ?? 80% ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????????? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? "?????????????? ???????????" ??? ???????. ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (????: https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/interview/blind-rights-activist-in-the-uk-66-of-visually-impaired-are-unemployed/)
?? ????? ??? ????????? "????????????? ????????????" ????? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ? ????????? - ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????/?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????.
? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ? ???????, ? ????????, ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ???????? ?? ??????????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????.
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? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????. ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????????. ? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????. ? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? (????: https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/interview/blind-rights-activist-in-the-uk-66-of-visually-impaired-are-unemployed/)
??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ???? ?? 13% ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????, ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????. ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ????, ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????. (????: https://www.euractiv.com/section/uk-europe/interview/blind-rights-activist-in-the-uk-66-of-visually-impaired-are-unemployed/)
??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????
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???? ??' ???, ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????, ???????? ??? ???????????. ???? ????? ???????????, ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ????? Braille ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????.
??? ???? ?????????? ????????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????, ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????????, ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????. (????:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705870/)
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?? ????????? Text-to-speech ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ??? "????????" ???????? ??????? ? ????????, ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? Braille ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? Braille.
??????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 5% ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????, ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? - ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? - ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????.
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? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? 1948 ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? (????? 25). ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? "????????????? ???????????" ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ????. ????, ?? ??? ??? ??????, ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????.
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?? 12% ??? 9.500 ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??????, ?? 70% ??? ?????? ?????? 18 ??? 65 ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????. ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????.
????: https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/news/workplace-prejudice-keeps-blind-people-out-of-employment/- ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????
- ?? ??????, ?? ?????????? ??? ? ?????
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??? ?? 1997, ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? 13 ??? ???????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????. ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????????.
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?????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? 50%, ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? 66% ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????. ? ???????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ? ???????, ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????????.
??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ???? ?? 13% ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????, ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????. ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????.
??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ????? ??? ? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????. ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????????? ??? ? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????.
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- ????????? ????? ??? ??????
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??????? ??????? ??? ??
- ????????? ????????: Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (???. ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????) [????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????]
- EU Framework for the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (???. ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????)
- ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????????? European
Accessibility Act
- ????????? ????? ????????? EU Disability Card
???????? ??????????
- ??????? ?????????? ?????? (World Health Organisation): Vision
2020: The Right to Sight (???. ????? 2020: ?? ???????? ???? ?????) [???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????]
- ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? United
Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- ????????? ????????: Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (???. ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????) [????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????]